Low cost fluid delivery device

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of the invention described herein include low cost infusion devices having basal and/or bolus fluid delivery options. Embodiments of the device include a housing, a reservoir to contain the fluid, a source of pressure to exert a force to expel the fluid contained in the reservoir, a bolus port adapted to receive an optional extra dose of fluid, and a cannula in fluid communication with the reservoir and the bolus port. The cannula is adapted for insertion into the user&#39;s skin for delivery of the fluid to the user&#39;s body. The device can provide a continuous delivery of the fluid along a first fluid flow path from the reservoir to the cannula and the optional extra dose of fluid along a second fluid flow path from the bolus port to the cannula.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to fluid delivery devices, and in particular embodiments, low cost external infusion pumps having continuous and bolus fluid delivery options.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Treatments of medical conditions requiring continuous and bolus delivery of medication often involve complex infusion devices. For example, battery-operated and automated electronic infusion pumps provide continuous delivery of fluids or medications with bolus delivery options that are widely used to treat various medical conditions. However, these devices may not be affordable to some of the general population, especially in underdeveloped countries and economically depressed regions worldwide.

In particular, diabetics who cannot afford automated infusions pumps, diabetics living in areas where the automated devices are inaccessible, and diabetics having Type II diabetes may not use automated insulin pumps. These individuals will self-administer many shots of insulin over the course of a day to treat their diabetes. Injection needles, though less expensive and more accessible than automated insulin infusion pumps, are more painful to users who have to poke themselves with a needle each time they take a shot of insulin. However, injection needles are typically the primary method of treatment for those who do not use the automated infusion devices.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention include simple and inexpensive fluid delivery and infusion devices, which obviate for practical purposes, the above mentioned limitations. According to an embodiment of the invention, a device for delivering a fluid to a user's body includes a housing containing a reservoir to contain the fluid. In embodiments, the device housing includes a skin-contacting surface and an adhesive layer on the skin-contacting surface to attach the device to the user's body. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the reservoir is transparent and at least a portion of the device housing is transparent. The transparent portions allow a user to view the amount of fluid in the reservoir. In yet further embodiments, the device housing includes a fill port in fluid communication with the reservoir. The fill port is adapted to receive the fluid to fill the reservoir.

Embodiments of the device also include a source of pressure to exert a force on the reservoir to expel the fluid contained in the reservoir. In some embodiments, the source of pressure is the reservoir which includes an elastic material that, when filled with the fluid, exerts the force to expel the fluid out of the reservoir, e.g., an elastic balloon reservoir. In other embodiments, the reservoir includes a plunger and the device includes a spring. The spring is the source of pressure that exerts the force against the plunger to expel the fluid out of the reservoir.

Embodiments of the device further include a bolus port. The bolus port is adapted to receive an optional extra dose of fluid. In embodiments, the bolus port includes a pierceable material. The pierceable material in embodiments is butyl rubber. In further embodiments, the bolus port includes a rigid impenetrable material. The rigid impenetrable material in embodiments is a plastic body. In embodiments, the bolus port can be incorporated in the device housing.

In embodiments, a cannula is in fluid communication with the reservoir and the bolus port. The cannula is adapted for insertion into the user's skin for delivery of the fluid to the user's body. These embodiments of the device create a first fluid flow path originating from the reservoir to the cannula and a second fluid flow path originating from the bolus port to the cannula. The device can provide a continuous delivery of the fluid along the first fluid flow path from the reservoir to the cannula and an optional extra dose of fluid along the second fluid flow path from the bolus port to the cannula.

Further embodiments of the device include a pressure regulator valve located along the first fluid flow path between the reservoir and the cannula to control the pressure of the fluid pushed out of the reservoir prior to reaching the cannula. In embodiments, the pressure regulator valve includes an inlet, a chamber containing an elastic diaphragm, and an outlet. The fluid enters the pressure regulator valve through the inlet and pushes on the flexible diaphragm in the chamber when higher pressure fluid reaches the diaphragm to bend the diaphragm toward the outlet and reduce the outlet fluid pressure. When lower pressure fluid enters the inlet, the diaphragm remains in the initial position or flexes less to allow the fluid to pass through the unobstructed outlet. Thus, the pressure regulator valve can control the fluid pressure to provide a consistent flow of the fluid through the device from the reservoir.

Yet further embodiments include a one-way valve located along the first fluid flow path between the pressure regulator valve and the bolus port to prevent backflow from the second fluid flow path originating at the bolus port to the first fluid flow path originating at the reservoir. In embodiments, the one-way valve includes an inlet, a first arm and a second arm, and an outlet. The first arm and second arm provide an open fluid path through the one-way valve when fluid enters the inlet, and the first arm and second arm close the fluid path through the one-way valve when fluid enters the outlet.

In yet further embodiments, a tubing is connected to the device housing, and the bolus port is connected to the tubing. The tubing has a first end and a second end. In some embodiments, the first end of the tubing is connected to the device housing and the second end of the tubing is connected to the bolus port. In other embodiments, the first end of the tubing is connected to the device housing, the second end of the tubing is connected to the cannula, and the bolus port is connected to the tubing at a location between the first end of the tubing and the second end of the tubing. In further embodiments, the device includes an infusion set that connects the tubing to the cannula.

In embodiments utilizing a spring as the source of pressure to expel fluid from the reservoir, the spring can be pre-wound to hold tension in the spring. In other embodiments, the spring has a first end and a second end. In embodiments, the first end of the spring includes a rotatable receiving element to receive a rotatable element. The second end of the spring is in contact with a reservoir plunger, whereby the rotatable element rotates the receiving element to wind the spring in a coil and build tension in the spring to provide the force against the plunger and expel fluid from the reservoir.

Various methods for continuous and bolus delivery of fluids by the device embodiments can be ascertained from the description of embodiments of the invention herein. One embodiment of a method for delivering a fluid to a user's body includes the first step of providing or utilizing a device containing the fluid in a reservoir under a source of pressure to deliver a continuous flow of the fluid. The device further includes a bolus port adapted to receive an extra amount of fluid and a cannula in fluid communication with the reservoir and the bolus port. The method further includes the second step of administering the extra amount of fluid through the bolus port. Accordingly, the device delivers a constant flow of the fluid from the reservoir to the cannula and delivers the extra amount of fluid from the bolus port to the cannula.

Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, various features of embodiments of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

A detailed description of embodiments of the invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals designate corresponding parts in the several figures.

FIG. 1 is a schematic of an embodiment of a device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic of an embodiment of a device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating fluid flow through a device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 4 and 5 are illustrations of embodiments of a pressurized source of fluid provided by an elastic reservoir in a device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an illustration of an embodiment of a pressurized source of fluid provided by a spring in a device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a top cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a side cross-sectional view of the device shown in FIG. 7 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a side perspective view of the device shown in FIG. 7 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a bottom perspective view of the device shown in FIG. 7 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a pressure regulator valve in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a pressure regulator valve in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an illustration of an embodiment of an open one-way valve in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is an illustration of an embodiment of a closed one-way valve in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an internal view of an embodiment of a device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a side perspective view of an embodiment of a device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is an internal view of an embodiment of a device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As shown in the drawings for purposes of illustration, the invention is embodied in a low cost fluid infusion device having continuous and bolus fluid delivery capabilities. The aim of the invention is to provide a simple device having the least number of parts for low cost continuous and/or bolus fluid delivery options. This is an improvement over multiple daily injections from a syringe and needle directly into a user's skin and body, without the use of more costly electronic infusion devices that may be unavailable, or not feasible or affordable to own. The following detailed description is merely illustrative in nature and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the subject matter or the application and uses of such embodiments. While the subject matter described herein can be implemented with any fluid delivery device, exemplary embodiments described below are implemented in the form of external infusion devices, such as portable and disposable medication infusion devices for delivery of fluids and/or medications.

FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematics of embodiments of a continuous fluid delivery device 10 having an extra dose bolus port 50. The infusion device 10 provides an automated continuous fluid delivery function and a manual extra dose function. For continuous delivery, the device 10 delivers fluid from a fluid-containing reservoir 30 (not shown) in a device housing 20, through a cannula or needle 60 inserted in the skin 70, and into the body. In some embodiments, the device includes a tubing 40 and infusion set 140 having a housing that includes the cannula 60 as shown in FIG. 1. In other embodiments, the cannula 60 is incorporated in the device 10 as shown in FIG. 2. Embodiments of the device 10 including the extra dose function include a bolus port 50 connected with or incorporated into the device 10 or a tubing 40 of the device 10. As shown in FIG. 1, the bolus port 50 is included in the tubing 40 between the device 10 and infusion set 140. As shown in FIG. 2, the bolus port 50 is included in a stand-alone tubing 40 connected to the device 10.

A user can insert a needle 16 of a syringe 14 into the bolus port 50 and press down on a plunger 18 of the syringe 14 to inject an extra dose from the syringe 14 filled with the desired delivery fluid for delivery through the cannula 60. The bolus port 50 provides an easy and painless way to deliver an extra dose of fluid or medication since the user may use the bolus port 50 to administer injections instead of injecting the fluid from a needle 16 directly into his or her skin 70. In an embodiment, an individual having diabetes may use the device 10 having the bolus port 50 to manually inject a bolus dose of insulin when desired, for example, during or after a meal. As shown in FIG. 2, embodiments of the device 10 include a bolus port 50 attached to an easily accessible tubing 40 that the user can pull out from underneath clothing to deliver the extra dose when the infusion device 10 and/or an infusion set 140 is discreetly attached to the user's skin 70 underneath the user's clothing.

An embodiment of the dual functionality of the device is shown in a basic flowchart in FIG. 3. In embodiments, the device includes a source of pressure 300 that exerts a force on the reservoir 30 to expel fluid from the reservoir 30 and allow for continuous delivery of fluid 320 from the reservoir 30. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, the source of pressure can be an elastic balloon reservoir 30 that is stretched when filled with the fluid 12 to be delivered. The fluid is expelled from the balloon reservoir 30 once a fluid delivery line connected to the reservoir 30 is open. Because of the elasticity of the balloon, the reservoir 30 itself would provide a high pressure source of the fluid 12 to be delivered. As another non-limiting example shown in FIG. 6, the source of pressure can be a spring 120 that exerts a force on a reservoir plunger 32 such that displacement of the plunger 32 will push the fluid out of the reservoir 30. The spring 120 unwinds as the fluid in the reservoir is depleted.

Also included in the flowchart illustrated in FIG. 3, embodiments of the device further include a pressure regulator valve 100 to control the flow of the fluid from the reservoir. Embodiments of the pressure regulator valve 100 can reduce the higher pressure fluid flow from the reservoir 30 to a lower pressure, drop-by-drop fluid delivery through the cannula at a constant rate 320. In such embodiments, the pressure regulator valve 100 acts as a drip valve. The constant flow of fluid is delivered to the user through the cannula 60 of the system or device which is inserted into the user's body for subdermal or subcutaneous delivery. As shown in the flowchart in FIG. 3, an optional extra dose of fluid 330 may be received by the bolus port 50 for delivery through the cannula 60 to the user. Embodiments of the continuous delivery device 10 having an extra dose delivery option provide the choice of using only the continuous delivery function, using only the extra dose function, or using both the continuous delivery and extra dose function simultaneously.

In particular embodiments shown in FIGS. 7-10, the device 10 includes a housing 20 containing a reservoir 30, a pressure regulator valve 100, and anti-backflow one-way valve 110. FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate interior views of device embodiments and FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate exterior views of the device embodiments. Though shown as having a hemispherical-shaped housing 20 in FIGS. 8-10, the device housing 20 can be in a disc shape, a box shape or any other suitable shape to enclose the device components. In embodiments, at least a portion of the housing 20 and at least a portion of the reservoir 30 can be transparent or be made of a transparent material so that a user can view the amount of fluid remaining in the reservoir 30. As shown in an embodiment the device housing 20 in FIG. 9, the top surface 22 of the housing 20 includes a transparent window 21.

In embodiments, the reservoir 30 is in fluid communication with the pressure regulator valve 100, anti-backflow one-way valve 110, and cannula 60. In the particular embodiment shown in FIGS. 7-10, the cannula 60 is attached to the device 10. However, in other embodiments as in FIGS. 1 and 15-17, an infusion set 140 and/or tubing 40 can connect the cannula 60 to the device 10. The device 10 and/or infusion set 140 can include adhesive to attach to the user's body. As shown in an embodiment in FIG. 10, the bottom or skin-contacting surface 24 of the device housing 20 includes an adhesive layer 26 suitable for attachment to the user's body.

The device 10 embodiment in FIGS. 7-10 also includes a tubing 40 connecting an extra dose bolus port 50 to the device 10 such that the extra dose bolus port 50 is in fluid communication with the cannula 60. The bolus port 50 is easily accessible. The tubing 40 can be a suitable length so that it can be comfortably pulled out from underneath clothing to easily administer an extra dose of fluid. For example, diabetics may use the bolus feature to deliver an extra dose of insulin after consuming a meal.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the reservoir 30 includes an elastic material. For example, the reservoir 30 in an embodiment can be an elastic balloon. When the reservoir 30 is filled with the fluid to be delivered, the fluid within the elastic balloon 30 is under pressure such that the reservoir 30 itself provides a source of pressure that can force fluid from the balloon reservoir 30 throughout the device fluid channels once a delivery path is open. Embodiments of the device 10 using a balloon reservoir 30 can include a pre-filled balloon or a fillable balloon reservoir. The balloon reservoir 30 can have a predetermined elasticity to provide a constant force pushing the fluid out of the balloon reservoir 30. To prevent fluid flow before use, embodiments of the cannula 60 of the device can include a cap or cover to seal the cannula 60, or in alternative embodiments, the cannula 60 can be pinched or bent. Prior to use, the cover may be removed from the cannula 60 or the pinch or bend in the cannula may be opened.

An embodiment of a fillable balloon reservoir 30 is shown in FIGS. 7-10. The device 10 includes a fill port 160 including a pierceable material. In embodiments, the fill port 160 is a butyl rubber plug incorporated in the device housing 20. The user can load a syringe 14 or use a pre-filled syringe 14 with the desired fluid. Embodiments of the syringe 14 include a plunger 18 to fill or expel the fluid from syringe. The syringe 14 includes an appropriate gauge needle 16 to pierce through the fill port 160. The user can inject the fluid from the syringe needle 16 piercing through the fill port 160 to fill the balloon reservoir 30, which is in fluid communication with the fill port 160. Embodiments of the device 10 having a fillable balloon reservoir 30 can be discarded once the fluid in the balloon reservoir 30 is depleted, or re-used if the user refills the depleted balloon reservoir 30 with the fluid. Re-usable devices 10 can include replaceable cannulas 60 for injection into the user's body. Embodiments of the device 10 that use pre-filled balloon reservoirs 30 can have a sealed housing 20 in place of the fill port 160 and the device 10 can be discarded once the fluid in the balloon reservoir 30 is depleted. Thus, embodiments of the device 10 can be designed for one-time use or can be re-usable. The one-time use and/or re-usable embodiments of the device 10 may be used over a period of multiple days.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the fluid can flow through a first fluid flow path 80 in a channel 150 of the device 10 from the reservoir 30 to the cannula 60. In embodiments of the invention, along the first fluid flow path 80, the device 10 includes a pressure regulator valve 100 to reduce the pressure of the fluid flow from the higher pressure fluid flowing from the reservoir 30 to a constant drop-by-drop fluid flow. Thus in embodiments, the pressure regulator valve 100 is located along the first fluid path 80 between the reservoir 30 and the cannula 60. The pressure regulator valve 100 can be pre-set by the manufacturer to provide different continuous delivery rates of fluid. For example, an insulin pump manufacturer may provide devices having pre-set basal insulin rates up to 35 units per hour.

Exemplary embodiments of a pressure regulator valve 100 are shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. In an embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the pressure regulator valve 100 includes an inlet 102, a chamber 104 having a flexible membrane or diaphragm 106, and an outlet 108. Embodiments of the pressure regulator valve 100 include a pressure regulator valve housing or body 125 that is sized to fit along a fluid flow path in a structural component of the device 10, such as within a fluid channel or a tubing of the device 10. In an embodiment, the diaphragm 106 can be made of a silicone rubber material and the body 125 can be made of a plastic material. Higher-pressure fluid enters the pressure regulator valve 100 through the inlet 102, enters the chamber 104 and flexes the elastic diaphragm 106 toward the outlet 108 to reduce the pressure of the fluid as it flows around the flexible diaphragm 106 and exits out of the pressure regulator valve 100 through the outlet 108. When the inlet fluid pressure is high, the diaphragm 106 will flex toward the outlet 108 to block off at least a portion of the exit outlet 108. When the inlet fluid pressure is low, the diaphragm 106 will remain in the same initial position or flex less to leave the outlet 108 open. The pressure regulator valve 100 thereby controls the pressure of the fluid exiting through the outlet 108 of the pressure regulator valve 100 to maintain a constant flow outlet pressure. The flexibility of the diaphragm 106 can be pre-set to regulate the fluid flow through the chamber 104 and exit out of the outlet 108 in a set drop-by-drop flow. For example, the function of the pressure regulator valve 100 is similar to that of a drip valve.

Another embodiment of a pressure regulator valve 100 is shown in FIG. 12, the pressure regulator valve includes an inlet 101, a high pressure chamber 103, a low pressure chamber 105, a valve opening 107 between the high pressure and low pressure chamber, a valve 109 having a valve stem 111 connected to or abutting a flexible membrane or diaphragm 113, a spring 115, and an outlet 117. Embodiments of the pressure regulator valve 100 include a pressure regulator valve housing or body 127 that is sized to fit along a fluid flow path in a structural component of the device 10, such as within a fluid channel or a tubing of the device 10. The higher pressure fluid enters the pressure regulator valve 100 through the inlet 101 and into the high pressure chamber 103. The fluid then flows through the valve opening 107 into the low pressure chamber 105. A diaphragm 113 attached to the valve stem 111 in the low pressure chamber 105 moves in response to the pressure of the fluid in the low pressure chamber 105. As the fluid flows into the low pressure chamber 105, the diaphragm 113 and attached valve 109 move toward the spring 115 and restrict the flow through the valve opening 107 and reduce the outlet pressure. If the pressure is reduced, the diaphragm 113 and valve 109 will move away from the spring 115 to increase the valve opening 107 and increase outlet pressure. The spring 115 can have a set amount of tension or compression to regulate the desired outlet pressure.

Also shown in FIGS. 7-10, embodiments of the device 10 include a bolus port 50 to deliver an extra amount of fluid to the user. An extra dose of fluid can be injected through a second fluid path 90 and a channel 150 of the device 10 from the bolus port 50 to the cannula 60. The bolus port 50 will allow the user to administer a bolus amount of fluid whenever he or she needs it and eliminates the pain and discomfort associated with injections by hypodermic needles normally inserted directly into the body. For example, for individuals having diabetes, the addition of an extra-dose injection port 50 feature allows the user to insert a hypodermic needle into the bolus port 50 for bolus insulin during mealtime without having to poke him or herself with a needle.

In embodiments, the user injects the desired amount of fluid from a filled syringe 14 having a needle 16 that pierces into the bolus port 50. The syringe 14 can be manually filled by the user or pre-filled by a manufacturer with the desired amount of fluid to be delivered. The plunger 18 of the syringe 14 can be used to draw fluid into the syringe 14 or expel fluid from the syringe 14. In embodiments, the same needle 16 may be used to load the syringe 14 and inject the fluid from the syringe 14 into the bolus port 50. In alternative embodiments, the needle 16 for filling the syringe 14 may be a larger gauge needle 16 and can be replaced with an appropriately sized needle 16 for injection into the bolus port 50. For example, the needle 16 for injection into the bolus port 50 can be sized such that it can be inserted through an exterior surface of the bolus port and into the interior space of the bolus port 50. In embodiments where the bolus port 50 is bulb-shaped as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an appropriately sized needle 16 can be chosen so that it will penetrate into the interior space of the bulb-shaped bolus port 50 without penetrating the interior surface of the bolus port 50 opposing the location of where the needle 16 was inserted. In some embodiments, the syringe 14 can be pre-filled with the desired amount of fluid and have an appropriately sized needle 16 pre-attached for insertion into the bolus port 50.

The bolus port 50 can be connected to the device 10 or incorporated in the device 10. In some embodiments, the bolus port 50 can be connected to or incorporated into a tubing 40 connected to the device 10. In such embodiments, the user can attach the device 10 to the body and the tubing 40 can be an adequate length to allow a user to pull the tubing 40 out from underneath clothing for administering an extra dose of fluid when desired. In other embodiments, the bolus port 50 can be incorporated in or connected to the tubing 40 between the device 10 and an infusion set 140 or cannula 60. The device 10 and/or infusion set 140 may be attached to the user's body and the tubing 40 is accessible underneath or outside of the user's clothing.

In embodiments shown by way of example in FIGS. 7, 9, and 15-17, at least a portion of the bolus port 50 includes a pierceable material 52 through which a needle 16 may pass through, such as a rubber material, e.g., butyl rubber. For example, the bolus port 50 can include the pierceable material 52 formed in a spigot, a bulbous body, a plug, a cap, or other suitable pierceable member. In some embodiments, the entire body of the bolus port 50 is comprised of the pierceable material 52. In other embodiments, the bolus port 50 can include an impenetrable rigid material 54, such as a plastic body, and a pierceable member 52, such as a rubber cap, attached to the rigid plastic body. In such embodiments, the plastic body will not be penetrated by the needle 16 and can further provide a channel 56 to guide the needle 16 into a tubing 40 of the device 10.

As shown in particular embodiments in FIGS. 7-10, the bolus port 50 includes a pierceable member 52, such as a butyl rubber plug, connected to a rigid impenetrable body 54.

In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 7-10, the bolus port body 54 is connected to a second end 44 of a tubing 40. The first end 42 of the tubing 40 is attached to the device housing 20. The bolus port 50 and the tubing 40 are in fluid communication with the cannula. The tubing 40 can be permanently attached or can be detachable from the bolus port 50 and/or the device 10, as with a barb 27 shown in an embodiment in FIG. 16. Also shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the first fluid path 80 originating at the reservoir 30 and the second fluid path 90 originating at the bolus port 50 merge to a central channel 152 in the device housing 20 to deliver the fluid through the cannula 60. FIGS. 7 and 8 include dashed lines to illustrate portions of the device 10 that are blocked by the reservoir 30 balloon in the cross-sectional views. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 7-10, the cannula 60 is projecting from a center of the bottom, skin-contacting surface 24 of the device housing 20. In some embodiments, the extra amount of fluid can be delivered from the bolus port 50 in addition to or at the same time as the continuous delivery of fluid from the reservoir 30. In other embodiments, the bolus injection function of the device 10 may be used without use of the continuous delivery function. In embodiments, the fluid used for the bolus injection may be the same or different than that used for the continuous delivery function of the device 10. As a non-limiting example, the continuous delivery function of the device 10 could use slow-acting insulin, while the bolus injection function of the device 10 could use fast-acting insulin.

Embodiments of the device 10 having the bolus port 50 can include an anti-backflow, or one-way, valve 110. The one-way valve 110 is located along a fluid flow path between the bolus port 50 and the pressure-regulator valve 100. In embodiments, the one-way valve 110 can be incorporated within a fluid channel 150, a bolus port 50, or a tubing of the device 10. In one embodiment, the one-way valve includes two opposing arms, a first arm 112 and a second arm 114, that can open and close in a bottle-neck shape.

An embodiment of an operating one-way valve 110 is shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, each arm 112, 114 includes a bent portion 116, 116′ between a first straight portion 118, 118′ along the fluid channel wall 154 and second straight portion 119, 119′ within the interior space 156 of the fluid channel 150, where the first and second straight portions 118, 118′, 119, 119′ are parallel to the fluid channel 150. As illustrated in FIG. 13, the constant flow of lower pressure fluid enters the one-way valve 110 through an inlet 121 and exits the one-way valve 110 through an outlet 123 between two opposing arms 112, 114 that are open. For example under continuous basal delivery operating conditions, the fluid flows along the first fluid path 80 from the reservoir 30, through the pressure regulator valve 100, and then through the one-way valve 110. However, when a fluid under higher pressure reaches the outlet side 123 of the valve 110, illustrated in FIG. 14, the higher pressure fluid provides a force against the bent portions 116 of the first and second arms 112, 114 to push the arms 112, 114 toward one another to close the valve 110 from the outlet side 123 so there is no backflow from the outlet side 123 to the inlet side 121. For example, when a bolus dose of fluid is injected into the bolus port 50, the one-way valve 110 will close and block the extra dose from going past the one-way valve 110 and down the wrong fluid path in the device 10, e.g., toward the reservoir 30.

In another particular embodiment of the device 10 shown in FIGS. 15-17, the device 10 includes a housing 20 containing a reservoir 30 having a plunger 32. FIGS. 15 and 17 illustrate interior views of the device embodiment and FIG. 16 illustrates an exterior view of the device embodiment. In embodiments, at least a portion of the housing 20 can be transparent so that a user can view the amount of fluid remaining in the reservoir 30, for example at least the top surface 22 of the device housing 20 may have a transparent portion or be entirely transparent.

As shown in the embodiment in FIG. 15, the reservoir 30 is in fluid communication with a pressure regulator valve 100 incorporated in the housing 20, an anti-backflow one-way valve 110, and cannula 60 connected to the housing 20 via a tubing 40. The embodiment of the device 10 in FIG. 15 further includes a spring 120 in lieu of an elastic reservoir to exert a force on a plunger 32 of a fluid-containing reservoir 30 to push fluid out of the reservoir 30. The spring 120 can be a coil spring. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, a first end 122 of the coil spring is attached to a rotatable receiving element 126 capable of receiving a rotatable element 130. A second end 124 of the coil spring 120 is in contact with a plunger 32 of a reservoir 30 in the device 10. In embodiments, the plunger 32 includes a shaft 34 and a plunger head 36. A first end 38 of the shaft 34 is connected to the plunger head 36 and a second end 39 of the shaft 34 is in contact with the spring 120. The plunger head 36 pushes the fluid out of the reservoir 30 as the plunger shaft 34 is pushed forward by the spring 120. As shown in the particular embodiment in FIG. 15, the plunger 32, plunger shaft 34, and reservoir 30 are curved, or otherwise shaped to accommodate the structure of the device housing 20.

The rotatable receiving element 126 can have a female mating part and the rotatable element 130 can have a male mating part, or vice versa. In one embodiment, the rotatable element 130 is a hex key and the rotatable receiving element 126 is a hexagonal socket. In another embodiment, the rotatable element 130 is a flathead key and the rotatable receiving element 126 is a slot. The user can insert a first, mating end 132 of the rotatable element 130 through an aperture 133 in the device housing 20 and into the receiver 126 and turn a handle on a second, opposing end 134 of the rotatable element 130 to wind the spring 120 into a tight coil. The rotatable element 130, for example a turn-key, can be rotated to different degrees to set different amounts of tension in the spring to adjust the amount of force provided by the spring 120 against the reservoir plunger 32. Upon removal of the rotatable element 130, the coil spring 120 will unwind and exert a force on the reservoir plunger 32 to push the fluid out of the reservoir 30. In embodiments using the rotatable element 130 to load the spring 120, the user manually winds up the coil spring 120 before use, or if needed, a few times a day or over a multiple day usage period.

In other embodiments, the spring 120 can be pre-wound. The spring compression can be set by the manufacturer to provide a set constant force on the reservoir plunger 32. To prevent fluid flow before use, embodiments of the cannula 60 of the device 10 can include a cover to seal the cannula 60, or in alternative embodiments, the cannula 60 can be pinched or bent. Prior to use, the cover may be removed from the cannula 60, or the pinch or bend in the cannula may be opened.

As shown in embodiments in FIGS. 15 and 16, for continuous fluid delivery, the fluid can flow from the reservoir 30, through a pressure regulator valve 100, along a tubing 40 connecting the device 10 to a cannula 60, through an anti-backflow one-way valve 110, and then to the cannula 60 to be inserted in the user's skin 70 for delivery of the fluid. The pressure regulator valve 100 can be incorporated in the device housing 20 or in the tubing 40 connecting the device 10 to the cannula 60, so long as it is located between the reservoir 30 and the cannula 60 Likewise, the one-way valve 110 can be incorporated in the device housing 20, in the bolus port 50, or in the tubing 40 connecting to the device 10 to the cannula 60, so long as it is located between the pressure regulator valve 100 and the bolus port 50 inlet. In a particular embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the pressure regulator valve 100 is incorporated at an outlet 28 of the device housing 20 and the one-way valve 110 is incorporated in the tubing 40 connecting the device housing 20 to the infusion set 140 and cannula 60. In a particular embodiment shown in FIG. 16, the pressure regulator valve 100 is incorporated at an outlet 28 of the device housing 20 and the one-way valve 110 is incorporated in the bolus port 50 connecting the device housing 20 to the infusion set 140 and cannula 60. In a particular embodiment shown in FIG. 17, the pressure regulator valve 100 and the one-way valve 110 are incorporated at an outlet 28 of the device housing 20.

In the particular embodiments shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the bolus port 50 is incorporated in or attached to the tubing 40 between the device housing 20 and the infusion set 140 or cannula 60. Also shown in particular embodiments in FIGS. 15 and 16, the bolus port 50 includes a pierceable material 52 connected with a rigid impenetrable material 54. As non-limiting examples, the pierceable material member 52 can be a butyl rubber plug or cap and the rigid impenetrable material body 54 can be a plastic member. The bolus port body 54 can include a channel 56 that is connected to a tubing 40. A first end 42 of the tubing 40 is attached to the device housing 20 and a second end 44 of the tubing 40 is attached to an infusion set housing 140 having a cannula 60. In other embodiments where an infusion set housing 140 is omitted from the device 10, the second end 44 of the tubing 40 may be directly attached to a cannula 60. Embodiments having the tubing 40 directly attached to a cannula 60 can use a soft or direct insertion method for insertion into the user's body. The infusion set 140 can include an adhesive layer to attach the infusion set housing to the user's skin. In other embodiments, the tubing 40 and cannula 60 can include an adhesive layer or tape to be attached to the user's skin.

The bolus port 50 is easily accessible. The tubing 40 can be pulled out from underneath clothing to easily administer an extra dose of fluid. For example, diabetics may use the bolus feature to deliver an extra dose of insulin after consuming a meal.

As shown in embodiments in FIGS. 15-17, the first fluid flow path 80 originating at the reservoir 30 and the second fluid flow path 90 originating at the bolus port 50 merge in the tubing 40 to deliver the fluid out of the device 10 through the cannula 60. In some embodiments, the extra amount of fluid can be delivered from the bolus port 50 in addition to or at the same time as the continuous delivery of fluid from the reservoir 30. In other embodiments, the bolus injection function of the device 10 may be used without use of the continuous delivery function. In embodiments, the fluid used for the bolus injection may be the same or different than that used for the continuous delivery function of the device 10. Different medications can be used for the bolus delivery and the continuous delivery to treat different medical conditions. For example, insulin may be used in the reservoir 30 for continuous delivery of insulin to treat diabetes, and the bolus port can be used to inject other types of medication to treat conditions other than diabetes.

Embodiments of the device 10 described in FIGS. 7-10 having a source of pressure to force the fluid out of the reservoir using an elastic reservoir 30 can instead use a spring 120 against the reservoir plunger 32 as the source of pressure. Likewise, embodiments of the device 10 described in FIGS. 15-17 having a source of pressure to force the fluid out of the reservoir using a spring 120 against the reservoir plunger 32 can instead use an elastic reservoir 30 as the source of pressure.

Embodiments of the device 10 can omit the bolus port 50 if only continuous fluid delivery is desired. For example, embodiments of the device 10 having a bolus port 50 connected to a tubing 40 that is connected to the device housing 20 can omit both the bolus port 50 and tubing 40. For example, in embodiments, the tubing 40 can be replaced with a cap or a plug. In other embodiments, the housing 20 may be sealed. In other embodiments of the device 10 where the bolus port 50 is connected to the tubing 40 between the device housing 20 and an infusion set 140 or cannula 60, only the bolus port 50 is omitted. In further embodiments, the bolus port 50 can be incorporated in the device housing 20. For example, in embodiments where the device includes a tubing 40 connected to the device housing 20 as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the tubing 40 can be replaced with a bolus port 50 made of a pierceable material 52 that is incorporated in the device housing 20, in a manner similar to the fill port 160. In embodiments, the user can choose whether or not to use the bolus port feature.

An embodiment of the device 10 with a bolus port 50 incorporated in the device housing 20 is shown in FIG. 17. In embodiments, the device housing 20 may be sized to fit into the pocket of the user's clothing. The user can thus keep the device 10 in his or her pocket and easily remove the device 10 from the pocket to administer a bolus injection into the pierceable material 52 of the bolus port 50 of the device 10. As described in other embodiments, the device 10 can include a pressure regulator valve 100 between the reservoir 30 and cannula 60 and a one-way valve 110 between the pressure regulator valve 100 and the bolus port 50.

The device 10 and its components can be manufactured as one unit or as separate units to be assembled. In addition the device 10 may be disposable. Embodiments of the device 10 can have a one-time use or can be reusable. Each one-time or reusable device use may be used for multiple days. Various methods for continuous and bolus delivery of fluids by the device embodiments can be ascertained from the description of embodiments of the invention herein.

While the description above refers to particular embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood that many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit thereof. The accompanying claims are intended to cover such modifications as would fall with the true scope and spirit of the present invention. The presently disclosed embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims, rather than the foregoing description, and all changes within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embodied therein. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A device for delivering a fluid to a user's body comprising: a housing; a reservoir to contain the fluid; a source of pressure to exert a force to expel the fluid contained in the reservoir; a tubing connected to the housing; a bolus port connected to the tubing, the bolus port to receive an optional extra dose of fluid; a cannula in fluid communication with the reservoir and the bolus port, the cannula inserts into the user's skin for delivery of the fluid to the user's body; a first fluid flow path originating from the reservoir to the cannula; a second fluid flow path originating from the bolus port to the cannula; a pressure regulator valve located along the first fluid flow path between the reservoir and the cannula to control the pressure of the fluid expelled from the reservoir prior to reaching the cannula; a one-way valve located along the first fluid flow path between the pressure regulator valve and the bolus port to prevent backflow from the second fluid flow path; wherein the device provides a continuous delivery of the fluid along the first fluid flow path from the reservoir to the cannula and the optional extra dose of fluid along the second fluid flow path from the bolus port to the cannula.
 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the reservoir includes an elastic material that, when filled with the fluid, is the source of pressure that exerts the force to expel the fluid out of the reservoir.
 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the reservoir includes a plunger; and the device further includes a spring, wherein the spring is the source of pressure that exerts the force against the plunger to expel the fluid out of the reservoir.
 4. The device of claim 1, the tubing having a first end and a second end, the first end of the tubing connected to the housing and the second end of the tubing connected to the bolus port.
 5. The device of claim 1, the tubing having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the tubing is connected to the housing, the second end of the tubing is connected to the cannula, and the bolus port is connected to the tubing at a location between the first end of the tubing and the second end of the tubing.
 6. The device of claim 3, wherein the spring is pre-wound.
 7. The device of claim 3, wherein the spring has a first end and a second end, the first end of the spring includes a rotatable receiving element to receive a rotatable element, the second end of the spring is in contact with the plunger, wherein the rotatable element rotates the receiving element to wind the spring in a coil and build tension in the spring to provide the force against the plunger.
 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the pressure regulator valve includes: an inlet; a chamber containing a flexible diaphragm; and an outlet, wherein the flexible diaphragm flexes toward the outlet to reduce the pressure of the fluid exiting the pressure regulator valve when higher pressure fluid enters through the inlet, and the flexible diaphragm flexes less when lower pressure fluid enters through the inlet, thereby controlling the pressure of the fluid exiting through the outlet of the pressure regulator valve.
 9. The device of claim 1, further including an infusion set connecting the tubing to the cannula.
 10. The device of claim 1, the housing having a skin-contacting surface and an adhesive layer on the skin-contacting surface to attach the device to the user's body.
 11. The device of claim 1, the bolus port including a pierceable material.
 12. The device of claim 11, the bolus port further including a rigid impenetrable material.
 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the pierceable material is butyl rubber.
 14. The device of claim 12, wherein the rigid impenetrable material is a plastic body.
 15. The device of claim 1, wherein the one-way valve includes: an inlet; a first arm and a second arm; and an outlet, wherein the first arm and second arm provide an open fluid path through the one-way valve when fluid enters the inlet and the first arm and second arm close the fluid path through the one-way valve when fluid enters the outlet.
 16. The device of claim 1, the housing further including a fill port in fluid communication with the reservoir, wherein the fill port is adapted to receive the fluid to fill the reservoir.
 17. The device of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the reservoir is transparent and at least a portion of the housing is transparent such that the user can view the amount of fluid in the reservoir.
 18. A device for delivering a fluid to a user's body comprising: a housing; a reservoir to contain the fluid; a source of pressure to exert a force to expel the fluid contained in the reservoir; a bolus port, the bolus port to receive an optional extra dose of fluid; a cannula in fluid communication with the reservoir and the bolus port, the cannula inserts into the user's skin for delivery of the fluid to the user's body; a first fluid flow path originating from the reservoir to the cannula; a second fluid flow path originating from the bolus port to the cannula; wherein the device provides a continuous delivery of the fluid along the first fluid flow path from the reservoir to the cannula and the optional extra dose of fluid along the second fluid flow path from the bolus port to the cannula.
 19. The device of claim 18, wherein the bolus port is a pierceable material incorporated in the housing.
 20. A method for delivering a fluid to a user's body, the method comprising: providing a device containing the fluid in a reservoir under a source of pressure, wherein the device further includes a bolus port to receive an extra amount of fluid, and a cannula in fluid communication with the reservoir and the bolus port; and administering the extra amount of fluid through the bolus port; wherein the device delivers a constant flow of the fluid from the reservoir to the cannula and delivers the extra amount of fluid from the bolus port to the cannula. 